Antibody data
- Antibody Data
- Antigen structure
- References [42]
- Comments [0]
- Validations
- Western blot [4]
- Immunohistochemistry [2]
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Validation data
Reference
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- Product number
- NB110-58851 - Provider product page
- Provider
- Novus Biologicals
- Proper citation
- Novus Cat#NB110-58851, RRID:AB_877740
- Product name
- Rabbit Polyclonal Nox4 Antibody
- Antibody type
- Polyclonal
- Description
- Immunogen affinity purified.
- Reactivity
- Human, Mouse, Rat, Porcine, Simian
- Host
- Rabbit
- Isotype
- IgG
- Vial size
- 0.1 ml
- Concentration
- 1.0 mg/ml
- Storage
- Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Submitted references Conditioning attenuates kidney and heart injury in rats following transient suprarenal occlusion of the abdominal aorta.
Antioxidant supplements as a novel mean for blocking recurrent heat stress-induced kidney damage following rehydration with fructose-containing beverages.
How Supraphysiological Oxygen Levels in Standard Cell Culture Affect Oxygen-Consuming Reactions.
HAX-1 regulates SERCA2a oxidation and degradation.
Alternative Splicing of NOX4 in the Failing Human Heart.
Oxygen-Sensing Nox4 Generates Genotoxic ROS to Induce Premature Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells through MAPK and NF-κB Pathways.
Schisantherin A attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury in rats via regulation of TLR4 and C5aR1 signaling pathways.
Up-regulation of NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling contributes to the loss of barrier function in KRIT1 deficient endothelium.
miR-9-5p suppresses pro-fibrogenic transformation of fibroblasts and prevents organ fibrosis by targeting NOX4 and TGFBR2.
NADPH oxidase-generated hydrogen peroxide induces DNA damage in mutant FLT3-expressing leukemia cells.
The transcription factor E26 transformation-specific sequence-1 mediates neointima formation in arteriovenous fistula.
Administration of 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) causes central hypothyroidism and stimulates thyroid-sensitive tissues.
Oncogene-induced reactive oxygen species fuel hyperproliferation and DNA damage response activation.
SAP domain-dependent Mkl1 signaling stimulates proliferation and cell migration by induction of a distinct gene set indicative of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Nox4: a hydrogen peroxide-generating oxygen sensor.
Therapeutic hypercapnia prevents inhaled nitric oxide-induced right-ventricular systolic dysfunction in juvenile rats.
MicroRNA-25-dependent up-regulation of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) mediates hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative/nitrative stress and subsequent dysfunction in the heart.
The antioxidant silybin prevents high glucose-induced oxidative stress and podocyte injury in vitro and in vivo.
Diabetes mellitus increases reactive oxygen species production in the thyroid of male rats.
Thioredoxin-interacting protein mediates high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species generation by mitochondria and the NADPH oxidase, Nox4, in mesangial cells.
Inhibiting cancer metastasis via targeting NAPDH oxidase 4.
ROS production as a common mechanism of ENaC regulation by EGF, insulin, and IGF-1.
Cyclic stretch stimulates nitric oxide synthase-1-dependent peroxynitrite formation by neonatal rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle.
Angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial Nox4 is a major endogenous source of oxidative stress in kidney tubular cells.
Telmisartan attenuates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress in db/db mice.
Transcriptional regulation of Nox4 by histone deacetylases in human endothelial cells.
NADPH oxidase-mediated upregulation of connexin43 contributes to podocyte injury.
Effect of exercise training on nitric oxide and superoxide/H₂O₂ signaling pathways in collateral-dependent porcine coronary arterioles.
Angiotensin II induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal epithelial cells through reactive oxygen species/Src/caveolin-mediated activation of an epidermal growth factor receptor-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway.
Liver fibrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis are attenuated by GKT137831, a novel NOX4/NOX1 inhibitor in vivo.
Nicotine exposure and the progression of chronic kidney disease: role of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
Nadph oxidase regulates alveolar epithelial sodium channel activity and lung fluid balance in vivo via O⁻₂ signaling.
Reactive oxygen species play an essential role in IGF-I signaling and IGF-I-induced myocyte hypertrophy in C2C12 myocytes.
(Pro)renin promotes fibrosis gene expression in HEK cells through a Nox4-dependent mechanism.
NADPH oxidase overexpression in human colon cancers and rat colon tumors induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP).
Cognitive impairment in humanized APP×PS1 mice is linked to Aβ(1-42) and NOX activation.
A key role for NOX4 in epithelial cell death during development of lung fibrosis.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist ameliorates renal injury through its anti-inflammatory action without lowering blood glucose level in a rat model of type 1 diabetes.
Intracellular expression of reactive oxygen species-generating NADPH oxidase NOX4 in normal and cancer thyroid tissues.
Increased superoxide formation induced by irradiation preconditioning triggers kidney resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.
Nox4 NADPH oxidase mediates oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by TNF-alpha in cerebral vascular endothelial cells.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins induce NADPH oxidase 4 expression in a transforming growth factor beta-dependent manner: a new contributor to HCV-induced oxidative stress.
Karageorgiadi DM, Tsilimigras DI, Selemenakis P, Vlachou V, de Lastic AL, Rodi M, Chatziathanasiou D, Savvatakis K, Antoniou N, Deli AC, Papalampros A, Filis KA, Mouzaki A, Varvarigou A, Zografos G, Gorgoulis VG, Pateras IS, Sigala F
Scientific reports 2020 Mar 19;10(1):5040
Scientific reports 2020 Mar 19;10(1):5040
Antioxidant supplements as a novel mean for blocking recurrent heat stress-induced kidney damage following rehydration with fructose-containing beverages.
García-Arroyo FE, Gonzaga G, Muñoz-Jiménez I, Osorio-Alonso H, Iroz A, Vecchio M, Tapia E, Roncal-Jiménez CA, Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG
Free radical biology & medicine 2019 Sep;141:182-191
Free radical biology & medicine 2019 Sep;141:182-191
How Supraphysiological Oxygen Levels in Standard Cell Culture Affect Oxygen-Consuming Reactions.
Stuart JA, Fonseca J, Moradi F, Cunningham C, Seliman B, Worsfold CR, Dolan S, Abando J, Maddalena LA
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2018;2018:8238459
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2018;2018:8238459
HAX-1 regulates SERCA2a oxidation and degradation.
Bidwell PA, Liu GS, Nagarajan N, Lam CK, Haghighi K, Gardner G, Cai WF, Zhao W, Mugge L, Vafiadaki E, Sanoudou D, Rubinstein J, Lebeche D, Hajjar R, Sadoshima J, Kranias EG
Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2018 Jan;114:220-233
Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2018 Jan;114:220-233
Alternative Splicing of NOX4 in the Failing Human Heart.
Varga ZV, Pipicz M, Baán JA, Baranyai T, Koncsos G, Leszek P, Kuśmierczyk M, Sánchez-Cabo F, García-Pavía P, Brenner GJ, Giricz Z, Csont T, Mendler L, Lara-Pezzi E, Pacher P, Ferdinandy P
Frontiers in physiology 2017;8:935
Frontiers in physiology 2017;8:935
Oxygen-Sensing Nox4 Generates Genotoxic ROS to Induce Premature Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells through MAPK and NF-κB Pathways.
Feng C, Zhang Y, Yang M, Lan M, Liu H, Huang B, Zhou Y
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2017;2017:7426458
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2017;2017:7426458
Schisantherin A attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury in rats via regulation of TLR4 and C5aR1 signaling pathways.
Shi YW, Zhang XC, Chen C, Tang M, Wang ZW, Liang XM, Ding F, Wang CP
Brain, behavior, and immunity 2017 Nov;66:244-256
Brain, behavior, and immunity 2017 Nov;66:244-256
Up-regulation of NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling contributes to the loss of barrier function in KRIT1 deficient endothelium.
Goitre L, DiStefano PV, Moglia A, Nobiletti N, Baldini E, Trabalzini L, Keubel J, Trapani E, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR, Sarelius IH, Retta SF, Glading AJ
Scientific reports 2017 Aug 15;7(1):8296
Scientific reports 2017 Aug 15;7(1):8296
miR-9-5p suppresses pro-fibrogenic transformation of fibroblasts and prevents organ fibrosis by targeting NOX4 and TGFBR2.
Fierro-Fernández M, Busnadiego Ó, Sandoval P, Espinosa-Díez C, Blanco-Ruiz E, Rodríguez M, Pian H, Ramos R, López-Cabrera M, García-Bermejo ML, Lamas S
EMBO reports 2015 Oct;16(10):1358-77
EMBO reports 2015 Oct;16(10):1358-77
NADPH oxidase-generated hydrogen peroxide induces DNA damage in mutant FLT3-expressing leukemia cells.
Stanicka J, Russell EG, Woolley JF, Cotter TG
The Journal of biological chemistry 2015 Apr 10;290(15):9348-61
The Journal of biological chemistry 2015 Apr 10;290(15):9348-61
The transcription factor E26 transformation-specific sequence-1 mediates neointima formation in arteriovenous fistula.
Feng W, Chumley P, Allon M, George J, Scott DW, Patel RP, Litovsky S, Jaimes EA
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2014 Mar;25(3):475-87
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2014 Mar;25(3):475-87
Administration of 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) causes central hypothyroidism and stimulates thyroid-sensitive tissues.
Padron AS, Neto RA, Pantaleão TU, de Souza dos Santos MC, Araujo RL, de Andrade BM, da Silva Leandro M, de Castro JP, Ferreira AC, de Carvalho DP
The Journal of endocrinology 2014 Jun;221(3):415-27
The Journal of endocrinology 2014 Jun;221(3):415-27
Oncogene-induced reactive oxygen species fuel hyperproliferation and DNA damage response activation.
Ogrunc M, Di Micco R, Liontos M, Bombardelli L, Mione M, Fumagalli M, Gorgoulis VG, d'Adda di Fagagna F
Cell death and differentiation 2014 Jun;21(6):998-1012
Cell death and differentiation 2014 Jun;21(6):998-1012
SAP domain-dependent Mkl1 signaling stimulates proliferation and cell migration by induction of a distinct gene set indicative of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Gurbuz I, Ferralli J, Roloff T, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Asparuhova MB
Molecular cancer 2014 Feb 5;13:22
Molecular cancer 2014 Feb 5;13:22
Nox4: a hydrogen peroxide-generating oxygen sensor.
Nisimoto Y, Diebold BA, Cosentino-Gomes D, Lambeth JD
Biochemistry 2014 Aug 12;53(31):5111-20
Biochemistry 2014 Aug 12;53(31):5111-20
Therapeutic hypercapnia prevents inhaled nitric oxide-induced right-ventricular systolic dysfunction in juvenile rats.
Dunlop K, Gosal K, Kantores C, Ivanovska J, Dhaliwal R, Desjardins JF, Connelly KA, Jain A, McNamara PJ, Jankov RP
Free radical biology & medicine 2014 Apr;69:35-49
Free radical biology & medicine 2014 Apr;69:35-49
MicroRNA-25-dependent up-regulation of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) mediates hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative/nitrative stress and subsequent dysfunction in the heart.
Varga ZV, Kupai K, Szűcs G, Gáspár R, Pálóczi J, Faragó N, Zvara A, Puskás LG, Rázga Z, Tiszlavicz L, Bencsik P, Görbe A, Csonka C, Ferdinandy P, Csont T
Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2013 Sep;62:111-21
Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2013 Sep;62:111-21
The antioxidant silybin prevents high glucose-induced oxidative stress and podocyte injury in vitro and in vivo.
Khazim K, Gorin Y, Cavaglieri RC, Abboud HE, Fanti P
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2013 Sep 1;305(5):F691-700
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2013 Sep 1;305(5):F691-700
Diabetes mellitus increases reactive oxygen species production in the thyroid of male rats.
Santos MC, Louzada RA, Souza EC, Fortunato RS, Vasconcelos AL, Souza KL, Castro JP, Carvalho DP, Ferreira AC
Endocrinology 2013 Mar;154(3):1361-72
Endocrinology 2013 Mar;154(3):1361-72
Thioredoxin-interacting protein mediates high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species generation by mitochondria and the NADPH oxidase, Nox4, in mesangial cells.
Shah A, Xia L, Goldberg H, Lee KW, Quaggin SE, Fantus IG
The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 Mar 8;288(10):6835-48
The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 Mar 8;288(10):6835-48
Inhibiting cancer metastasis via targeting NAPDH oxidase 4.
Zhang B, Liu Z, Hu X
Biochemical pharmacology 2013 Jul 15;86(2):253-66
Biochemical pharmacology 2013 Jul 15;86(2):253-66
ROS production as a common mechanism of ENaC regulation by EGF, insulin, and IGF-1.
Ilatovskaya DV, Pavlov TS, Levchenko V, Staruschenko A
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2013 Jan 1;304(1):C102-11
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2013 Jan 1;304(1):C102-11
Cyclic stretch stimulates nitric oxide synthase-1-dependent peroxynitrite formation by neonatal rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle.
Dick AS, Ivanovska J, Kantores C, Belcastro R, Keith Tanswell A, Jankov RP
Free radical biology & medicine 2013 Aug;61:310-9
Free radical biology & medicine 2013 Aug;61:310-9
Angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial Nox4 is a major endogenous source of oxidative stress in kidney tubular cells.
Kim SM, Kim YG, Jeong KH, Lee SH, Lee TW, Ihm CG, Moon JY
PloS one 2012;7(7):e39739
PloS one 2012;7(7):e39739
Telmisartan attenuates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress in db/db mice.
Sato-Horiguchi C, Ogawa D, Wada J, Tachibana H, Kodera R, Eguchi J, Nakatsuka A, Terami N, Shikata K, Makino H
Nephron. Experimental nephrology 2012;121(3-4):e97-e108
Nephron. Experimental nephrology 2012;121(3-4):e97-e108
Transcriptional regulation of Nox4 by histone deacetylases in human endothelial cells.
Siuda D, Zechner U, El Hajj N, Prawitt D, Langer D, Xia N, Horke S, Pautz A, Kleinert H, Förstermann U, Li H
Basic research in cardiology 2012 Sep;107(5):283
Basic research in cardiology 2012 Sep;107(5):283
NADPH oxidase-mediated upregulation of connexin43 contributes to podocyte injury.
Yan Q, Gao K, Chi Y, Li K, Zhu Y, Wan Y, Sun W, Matsue H, Kitamura M, Yao J
Free radical biology & medicine 2012 Sep 15;53(6):1286-97
Free radical biology & medicine 2012 Sep 15;53(6):1286-97
Effect of exercise training on nitric oxide and superoxide/H₂O₂ signaling pathways in collateral-dependent porcine coronary arterioles.
Xie W, Parker JL, Heaps CL
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2012 May;112(9):1546-55
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2012 May;112(9):1546-55
Angiotensin II induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal epithelial cells through reactive oxygen species/Src/caveolin-mediated activation of an epidermal growth factor receptor-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway.
Chen J, Chen JK, Harris RC
Molecular and cellular biology 2012 Mar;32(5):981-91
Molecular and cellular biology 2012 Mar;32(5):981-91
Liver fibrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis are attenuated by GKT137831, a novel NOX4/NOX1 inhibitor in vivo.
Jiang JX, Chen X, Serizawa N, Szyndralewiez C, Page P, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Devaraj S, Török NJ
Free radical biology & medicine 2012 Jul 15;53(2):289-96
Free radical biology & medicine 2012 Jul 15;53(2):289-96
Nicotine exposure and the progression of chronic kidney disease: role of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
Rezonzew G, Chumley P, Feng W, Hua P, Siegal GP, Jaimes EA
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2012 Jul 15;303(2):F304-12
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2012 Jul 15;303(2):F304-12
Nadph oxidase regulates alveolar epithelial sodium channel activity and lung fluid balance in vivo via O⁻₂ signaling.
Goodson P, Kumar A, Jain L, Kundu K, Murthy N, Koval M, Helms MN
American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 2012 Feb 15;302(4):L410-9
American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 2012 Feb 15;302(4):L410-9
Reactive oxygen species play an essential role in IGF-I signaling and IGF-I-induced myocyte hypertrophy in C2C12 myocytes.
Handayaningsih AE, Iguchi G, Fukuoka H, Nishizawa H, Takahashi M, Yamamoto M, Herningtyas EH, Okimura Y, Kaji H, Chihara K, Seino S, Takahashi Y
Endocrinology 2011 Mar;152(3):912-21
Endocrinology 2011 Mar;152(3):912-21
(Pro)renin promotes fibrosis gene expression in HEK cells through a Nox4-dependent mechanism.
Clavreul N, Sansilvestri-Morel P, Magard D, Verbeuren TJ, Rupin A
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2011 Jun;300(6):F1310-8
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2011 Jun;300(6):F1310-8
NADPH oxidase overexpression in human colon cancers and rat colon tumors induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP).
Wang R, Dashwood WM, Nian H, Löhr CV, Fischer KA, Tsuchiya N, Nakagama H, Ashktorab H, Dashwood RH
International journal of cancer 2011 Jun 1;128(11):2581-90
International journal of cancer 2011 Jun 1;128(11):2581-90
Cognitive impairment in humanized APP×PS1 mice is linked to Aβ(1-42) and NOX activation.
Bruce-Keller AJ, Gupta S, Knight AG, Beckett TL, McMullen JM, Davis PR, Murphy MP, Van Eldik LJ, St Clair D, Keller JN
Neurobiology of disease 2011 Dec;44(3):317-26
Neurobiology of disease 2011 Dec;44(3):317-26
A key role for NOX4 in epithelial cell death during development of lung fibrosis.
Carnesecchi S, Deffert C, Donati Y, Basset O, Hinz B, Preynat-Seauve O, Guichard C, Arbiser JL, Banfi B, Pache JC, Barazzone-Argiroffo C, Krause KH
Antioxidants & redox signaling 2011 Aug 1;15(3):607-19
Antioxidants & redox signaling 2011 Aug 1;15(3):607-19
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist ameliorates renal injury through its anti-inflammatory action without lowering blood glucose level in a rat model of type 1 diabetes.
Kodera R, Shikata K, Kataoka HU, Takatsuka T, Miyamoto S, Sasaki M, Kajitani N, Nishishita S, Sarai K, Hirota D, Sato C, Ogawa D, Makino H
Diabetologia 2011 Apr;54(4):965-78
Diabetologia 2011 Apr;54(4):965-78
Intracellular expression of reactive oxygen species-generating NADPH oxidase NOX4 in normal and cancer thyroid tissues.
Weyemi U, Caillou B, Talbot M, Ameziane-El-Hassani R, Lacroix L, Lagent-Chevallier O, Al Ghuzlan A, Roos D, Bidart JM, Virion A, Schlumberger M, Dupuy C
Endocrine-related cancer 2010 Mar;17(1):27-37
Endocrine-related cancer 2010 Mar;17(1):27-37
Increased superoxide formation induced by irradiation preconditioning triggers kidney resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.
Kim J, Park JW, Park KM
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2009 May;296(5):F1202-11
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2009 May;296(5):F1202-11
Nox4 NADPH oxidase mediates oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by TNF-alpha in cerebral vascular endothelial cells.
Basuroy S, Bhattacharya S, Leffler CW, Parfenova H
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2009 Mar;296(3):C422-32
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2009 Mar;296(3):C422-32
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins induce NADPH oxidase 4 expression in a transforming growth factor beta-dependent manner: a new contributor to HCV-induced oxidative stress.
Boudreau HE, Emerson SU, Korzeniowska A, Jendrysik MA, Leto TL
Journal of virology 2009 Dec;83(24):12934-46
Journal of virology 2009 Dec;83(24):12934-46
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Supportive validation
- Submitted by
- Novus Biologicals (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Western Blot: Nox4 Antibody [NB110-58851] - Analysis using the Biotin conjugate of NB110-58851. Detection of NOX4 in human kidney lysates uisng NB110-58851 at 0.5 ug/ml. Band observed at 31 kDa may represent reported splice isoform.
- Submitted by
- Novus Biologicals (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Western Blot: Nox4 Antibody [NB110-58851] - Whole cell protein from human HeLa, Hek293, HepG2, mouse Neuro2A and rat PC12 cells was separated on a 7.5% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% BSA in TBST. The membrane was probed with 2.0 ug/ml anti-Nox4 in 1% BSA and detected with an anti-rabbit HRP secondary antibody using chemiluminescence. Nox4 is detected at approx. 70 kDa (arrowhead)
- Submitted by
- Novus Biologicals (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Western Blot: Nox4 Antibody [NB110-58851] - Alternative splicing of NOX4 in rat kidney and heart. Alternative splicing of NOX4 in human hearts. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00935/full), licensed under a CC-BY licence.
- Submitted by
- Novus Biologicals (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Western Blot: Nox4 Antibody [NB110-58851] - Reduced levels of NADPH oxidases 1 and 4 at 18% versus 5% O2. Representative Western blots showing Nox1 and beta-tubulin in PC-3 cells or Nox4 and beta-tubulin in C2C12 cells, at 5% and 18% O2. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2018/8238459/), licensed under a CC-BY licence.
Supportive validation
- Submitted by
- Novus Biologicals (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Immunohistochemistry: Nox4 Antibody [NB110-58851] - Analysis of HRP conjugate of NB110-58851. Detection of NOX4 in proximal convoluted tubules of human kidney using NB110-55851.
- Submitted by
- Novus Biologicals (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Immunohistochemistry: Nox4 Antibody [NB110-58851] - The expression of Nox4, p21, and Rb was upregulated in degenerative discs. Immunohistochemical staining for Nox4 in NP specimens. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2017/7426458/) licensed under a CC-BY licence.