Antibody data
- Antibody Data
- Antigen structure
- References [71]
- Comments [0]
- Validations
- Western blot [3]
- Immunocytochemistry [1]
- Immunoprecipitation [1]
- Immunohistochemistry [1]
- Other assay [12]
Submit
Validation data
Reference
Comment
Report error
- Product number
- MA5-13426 - Provider product page
- Provider
- Invitrogen Antibodies
- Product name
- Androgen Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (AR 441)
- Antibody type
- Monoclonal
- Antigen
- Synthetic peptide
- Description
- MA5-13426 targets Androgen Receptor in ICC/IF, IHC (P), IP, and WB applications and shows reactivity with human samples.
- Reactivity
- Human
- Host
- Mouse
- Isotype
- IgG
- Antibody clone number
- AR 441
- Vial size
- 500 µL
- Concentration
- 0.2 mg/mL
- Storage
- 4° C
Submitted references PRPF6 promotes androgen receptor/androgen receptor-variant 7 actions in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.
Androgens modify therapeutic response to cabazitaxel in models of advanced prostate cancer.
Constitutively active androgen receptor supports the metastatic phenotype of endocrine-resistant hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Splicing factor PRPF6 upregulates oncogenic androgen receptor signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.
RSK2 Maintains Adult Estrogen Homeostasis by Inhibiting ERK1/2-Mediated Degradation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha.
Androgen receptor-modulatory microRNAs provide insight into therapy resistance and therapeutic targets in advanced prostate cancer.
ERG signaling in prostate cancer is driven through PRMT5-dependent methylation of the Androgen Receptor.
The Androgen Receptor Regulates PPARγ Expression and Activity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells.
'Neuroendocrine' middle ear adenomas: consistent expression of the transcription factor ISL1 further supports their neuroendocrine derivation.
Prostate cancer genetic-susceptibility locus on chromosome 20q13 is amplified and coupled to androgen receptor-regulation in metastatic tumors.
Age at first childbirth and oral contraceptive use are associated with risk of androgen receptor-negative breast cancer: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort.
Identification of a novel androgen receptor mutation in a family with multiple components compatible with the testicular dysgenesis syndrome.
Cytosolic phospholipase A2α sustains pAKT, pERK and AR levels in PTEN-null/mutated prostate cancer cells.
Androgen receptor in triple negative breast cancer.
The Fer tyrosine kinase acts as a downstream interleukin-6 effector of androgen receptor activation in prostate cancer.
Chemical biology drug sensitivity screen identifies sunitinib as synergistic agent with disulfiram in prostate cancer cells.
PTEN genomic deletion predicts prostate cancer recurrence and is associated with low AR expression and transcriptional activity.
Higher expression of androgen receptor is a significant predictor for better endocrine-responsiveness in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.
Integrative genomic, transcriptomic, and RNAi analysis indicates a potential oncogenic role for FAM110B in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
PTP1B is an androgen receptor-regulated phosphatase that promotes the progression of prostate cancer.
A transcriptional repressor co-regulatory network governing androgen response in prostate cancers.
Identification of CAD as an androgen receptor interactant and an early marker of prostate tumor recurrence.
Salinomycin inhibits prostate cancer growth and migration via induction of oxidative stress.
The 16p13.3 (PDPK1) Genomic Gain in Prostate Cancer: A Potential Role in Disease Progression.
The 16p13.3 (PDPK1) Genomic Gain in Prostate Cancer: A Potential Role in Disease Progression.
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1) expression in breast cancer tissues.
The effects of short-term genistein intervention on prostate biomarker expression in patients with localised prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy.
Expression of androgen receptor in breast cancer and its significance as a prognostic factor.
Arachidonic acid pathway members PLA2G7, HPGD, EPHX2, and CYP4F8 identified as putative novel therapeutic targets in prostate cancer.
C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2 chondrocytes as well as human primary articular chondrocytes express sex hormone and insulin receptors--Useful cells in study of cartilage metabolism.
Androgen receptor expression is significantly associated with better outcomes in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.
Prostate-regenerating capacity of cultured human adult prostate epithelial cells.
Metastatic breast cancer shows different immunohistochemical phenotype according to metastatic site.
Metastatic breast cancer shows different immunohistochemical phenotype according to metastatic site.
Increased androgen receptor expression in serous carcinoma of the ovary is associated with an improved survival.
ERK regulates calpain 2-induced androgen receptor proteolysis in CWR22 relapsed prostate tumor cell lines.
Genome-wide analysis of androgen receptor binding and gene regulation in two CWR22-derived prostate cancer cell lines.
The PPARγ ligand ciglitazone regulates androgen receptor activation differently in androgen-dependent versus androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells.
Androgen-regulated expression of arginase 1, arginase 2 and interleukin-8 in human prostate cancer.
Food extracts consumed in Mediterranean countries and East Asia reduce protein concentrations of androgen receptor, phospho-protein kinase B, and phospho-cytosolic phospholipase A(2)alpha in human prostate cancer cells.
Proteomic interrogation of androgen action in prostate cancer cells reveals roles of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.
Androgen receptor phosphorylation and activity are regulated by an association with protein phosphatase 1.
Increased expression of androgen receptor sensitizes prostate cancer cells to low levels of androgens.
High-throughput cell-based screening of 4910 known drugs and drug-like small molecules identifies disulfiram as an inhibitor of prostate cancer cell growth.
Over-expression of IkappaB-kinase-epsilon (IKKepsilon/IKKi) induces secretion of inflammatory cytokines in prostate cancer cell lines.
Co-assessment of cytoplasmic and nuclear androgen receptor location in prostate specimens: potential implications for prostate cancer development and prognosis.
Wnt pathway, angiogenetic and hormonal markers in sporadic and familial adenomatous polyposis-associated juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA).
Overexpression of JKTBP1 induces androgen-independent LNCaP cell proliferation through activation of epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R).
Defining the molecular action of HDAC inhibitors and synergism with androgen deprivation in ERG-positive prostate cancer.
Androgen regulation of the androgen receptor coregulators.
Androgen receptor blockade in experimental combination therapy of pancreatic cancer.
SIRNA-directed in vivo silencing of androgen receptor inhibits the growth of castration-resistant prostate carcinomas.
Evidence for calpain-mediated androgen receptor cleavage as a mechanism for androgen independence.
Exemestane's 17-hydroxylated metabolite exerts biological effects as an androgen.
Improved prediction of prostate cancer recurrence through systems pathology.
Interleukin-8 is a molecular determinant of androgen independence and progression in prostate cancer.
Expression of the epidermal growth factor system in endometrioid endometrial cancer.
Increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta in proliferative inflammatory atrophy of the prostate: relation with the expression of COX-2, the androgen receptor, and presence of focal chronic inflammation.
GCP-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells via androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
The role of sialomucin CD164 (MGC-24v or endolyn) in prostate cancer metastasis.
Polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the breast. Report of three cases.
Androgen receptor immunostaining and androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression are increased in cremaster muscles associated with undescended testis.
Evaluation of neuroendocrine staining and androgen receptor expression in incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma: prognostic implications.
Development of androgen- and estrogen-responsive bioassays, members of a panel of human cell line-based highly selective steroid-responsive bioassays.
Expression of the epidermal growth factor system in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle.
Detection and expression of human BK virus sequences in neoplastic prostate tissues.
Computer based receptogram approach: an objective way of assessing immunohistochemistry of androgen receptor staining and its correlation with hormonal response in metastatic carcinoma of prostate.
Computer based receptogram approach: an objective way of assessing immunohistochemistry of androgen receptor staining and its correlation with hormonal response in metastatic carcinoma of prostate.
Androgen-independent prostate cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases: lessons from a rapid autopsy program.
Characterization of a novel androgen receptor mutation in a relapsed CWR22 prostate cancer xenograft and cell line.
Functional analysis of 44 mutant androgen receptors from human prostate cancer.
Liu W, Wang C, Wang S, Zeng K, Wei S, Sun N, Sun G, Wang M, Zou R, Liu W, Lin L, Song H, Jin Z, Zhao Y
International journal of biological sciences 2021;17(1):188-203
International journal of biological sciences 2021;17(1):188-203
Androgens modify therapeutic response to cabazitaxel in models of advanced prostate cancer.
Begemann D, Wang Y, Yang W, Kyprianou N
The Prostate 2020 Sep;80(12):926-937
The Prostate 2020 Sep;80(12):926-937
Constitutively active androgen receptor supports the metastatic phenotype of endocrine-resistant hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Bahnassy S, Thangavel H, Quttina M, Khan AF, Dhanyalayam D, Ritho J, Karami S, Ren J, Bawa-Khalfe T
Cell communication and signaling : CCS 2020 Sep 18;18(1):154
Cell communication and signaling : CCS 2020 Sep 18;18(1):154
Splicing factor PRPF6 upregulates oncogenic androgen receptor signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Song H, Sun N, Lin L, Wei S, Zeng K, Liu W, Wang C, Zhong X, Wang M, Wang S, Zhou B, Lv C, Liu W, Zhao Y
Cancer science 2020 Oct;111(10):3665-3678
Cancer science 2020 Oct;111(10):3665-3678
RSK2 Maintains Adult Estrogen Homeostasis by Inhibiting ERK1/2-Mediated Degradation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha.
Ludwik KA, Sandusky ZM, Stauffer KM, Li Y, Boyd KL, O'Doherty GA, Stricker TP, Lannigan DA
Cell reports 2020 Jul 21;32(3):107931
Cell reports 2020 Jul 21;32(3):107931
Androgen receptor-modulatory microRNAs provide insight into therapy resistance and therapeutic targets in advanced prostate cancer.
Fletcher CE, Sulpice E, Combe S, Shibakawa A, Leach DA, Hamilton MP, Chrysostomou SL, Sharp A, Welti J, Yuan W, Dart DA, Knight E, Ning J, Francis JC, Kounatidou EE, Gaughan L, Swain A, Lupold SE, de Bono JS, McGuire SE, Gidrol X, Bevan CL
Oncogene 2019 Jul;38(28):5700-5724
Oncogene 2019 Jul;38(28):5700-5724
ERG signaling in prostate cancer is driven through PRMT5-dependent methylation of the Androgen Receptor.
Mounir Z, Korn JM, Westerling T, Lin F, Kirby CA, Schirle M, McAllister G, Hoffman G, Ramadan N, Hartung A, Feng Y, Kipp DR, Quinn C, Fodor M, Baird J, Schoumacher M, Meyer R, Deeds J, Buchwalter G, Stams T, Keen N, Sellers WR, Brown M, Pagliarini RA
eLife 2016 May 16;5
eLife 2016 May 16;5
The Androgen Receptor Regulates PPARγ Expression and Activity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells.
Olokpa E, Bolden A, Stewart LV
Journal of cellular physiology 2016 Dec;231(12):2664-72
Journal of cellular physiology 2016 Dec;231(12):2664-72
'Neuroendocrine' middle ear adenomas: consistent expression of the transcription factor ISL1 further supports their neuroendocrine derivation.
Agaimy A, Lell M, Schaller T, Märkl B, Hornung J
Histopathology 2015 Jan;66(2):182-91
Histopathology 2015 Jan;66(2):182-91
Prostate cancer genetic-susceptibility locus on chromosome 20q13 is amplified and coupled to androgen receptor-regulation in metastatic tumors.
Labbé DP, Nowak DG, Deblois G, Lessard L, Giguère V, Trotman LC, Tremblay ML
Molecular cancer research : MCR 2014 Feb;12(2):184-9
Molecular cancer research : MCR 2014 Feb;12(2):184-9
Age at first childbirth and oral contraceptive use are associated with risk of androgen receptor-negative breast cancer: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort.
Elebro K, Butt S, Dorkhan M, Jernström H, Borgquist S
Cancer causes & control : CCC 2014 Aug;25(8):945-57
Cancer causes & control : CCC 2014 Aug;25(8):945-57
Identification of a novel androgen receptor mutation in a family with multiple components compatible with the testicular dysgenesis syndrome.
Lottrup G, Jørgensen A, Nielsen JE, Jørgensen N, Duno M, Vinggaard AM, Skakkebæk NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2013 Jun;98(6):2223-9
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2013 Jun;98(6):2223-9
Cytosolic phospholipase A2α sustains pAKT, pERK and AR levels in PTEN-null/mutated prostate cancer cells.
Hua S, Yao M, Vignarajan S, Witting P, Hejazi L, Gong Z, Teng Y, Niknami M, Assinder S, Richardson D, Dong Q
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2013 Jun;1831(6):1146-57
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2013 Jun;1831(6):1146-57
Androgen receptor in triple negative breast cancer.
McNamara KM, Yoda T, Takagi K, Miki Y, Suzuki T, Sasano H
The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 2013 Jan;133:66-76
The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 2013 Jan;133:66-76
The Fer tyrosine kinase acts as a downstream interleukin-6 effector of androgen receptor activation in prostate cancer.
Rocha J, Zouanat FZ, Zoubeidi A, Hamel L, Benidir T, Scarlata E, Brimo F, Aprikian A, Chevalier S
Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2013 Dec 5;381(1-2):140-9
Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2013 Dec 5;381(1-2):140-9
Chemical biology drug sensitivity screen identifies sunitinib as synergistic agent with disulfiram in prostate cancer cells.
Ketola K, Kallioniemi O, Iljin K
PloS one 2012;7(12):e51470
PloS one 2012;7(12):e51470
PTEN genomic deletion predicts prostate cancer recurrence and is associated with low AR expression and transcriptional activity.
Choucair K, Ejdelman J, Brimo F, Aprikian A, Chevalier S, Lapointe J
BMC cancer 2012 Nov 22;12:543
BMC cancer 2012 Nov 22;12:543
Higher expression of androgen receptor is a significant predictor for better endocrine-responsiveness in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.
Park S, Park HS, Koo JS, Yang WI, Kim SI, Park BW
Breast cancer research and treatment 2012 May;133(1):311-20
Breast cancer research and treatment 2012 May;133(1):311-20
Integrative genomic, transcriptomic, and RNAi analysis indicates a potential oncogenic role for FAM110B in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Vainio P, Wolf M, Edgren H, He T, Kohonen P, Mpindi JP, Smit F, Verhaegh G, Schalken J, Perälä M, Iljin K, Kallioniemi O
The Prostate 2012 May 15;72(7):789-802
The Prostate 2012 May 15;72(7):789-802
PTP1B is an androgen receptor-regulated phosphatase that promotes the progression of prostate cancer.
Lessard L, Labbé DP, Deblois G, Bégin LR, Hardy S, Mes-Masson AM, Saad F, Trotman LC, Giguère V, Tremblay ML
Cancer research 2012 Mar 15;72(6):1529-37
Cancer research 2012 Mar 15;72(6):1529-37
A transcriptional repressor co-regulatory network governing androgen response in prostate cancers.
Chng KR, Chang CW, Tan SK, Yang C, Hong SZ, Sng NY, Cheung E
The EMBO journal 2012 Jun 13;31(12):2810-23
The EMBO journal 2012 Jun 13;31(12):2810-23
Identification of CAD as an androgen receptor interactant and an early marker of prostate tumor recurrence.
Morin A, Fritsch L, Mathieu JR, Gilbert C, Guarmit B, Firlej V, Gallou-Kabani C, Vieillefond A, Delongchamps NB, Cabon F
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2012 Jan;26(1):460-7
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2012 Jan;26(1):460-7
Salinomycin inhibits prostate cancer growth and migration via induction of oxidative stress.
Ketola K, Hilvo M, Hyötyläinen T, Vuoristo A, Ruskeepää AL, Orešič M, Kallioniemi O, Iljin K
British journal of cancer 2012 Jan 3;106(1):99-106
British journal of cancer 2012 Jan 3;106(1):99-106
The 16p13.3 (PDPK1) Genomic Gain in Prostate Cancer: A Potential Role in Disease Progression.
Choucair KA, Guérard KP, Ejdelman J, Chevalier S, Yoshimoto M, Scarlata E, Fazli L, Sircar K, Squire JA, Brimo F, Cunha IW, Aprikian A, Gleave M, Lapointe J
Translational oncology 2012 Dec;5(6):453-60
Translational oncology 2012 Dec;5(6):453-60
The 16p13.3 (PDPK1) Genomic Gain in Prostate Cancer: A Potential Role in Disease Progression.
Choucair KA, Guérard KP, Ejdelman J, Chevalier S, Yoshimoto M, Scarlata E, Fazli L, Sircar K, Squire JA, Brimo F, Cunha IW, Aprikian A, Gleave M, Lapointe J
Translational oncology 2012 Dec;5(6):453-60
Translational oncology 2012 Dec;5(6):453-60
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1) expression in breast cancer tissues.
Park BW, Park S, Koo JS, Kim SI, Park JM, Cho JH, Park HS
Japanese journal of clinical oncology 2012 Dec;42(12):1138-45
Japanese journal of clinical oncology 2012 Dec;42(12):1138-45
The effects of short-term genistein intervention on prostate biomarker expression in patients with localised prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy.
Lazarevic B, Hammarström C, Yang J, Ramberg H, Diep LM, Karlsen SJ, Kucuk O, Saatcioglu F, Taskèn KA, Svindland A
The British journal of nutrition 2012 Dec 28;108(12):2138-47
The British journal of nutrition 2012 Dec 28;108(12):2138-47
Expression of androgen receptor in breast cancer and its significance as a prognostic factor.
Yu Q, Niu Y, Liu N, Zhang JZ, Liu TJ, Zhang RJ, Wang SL, Ding XM, Xiao XQ
Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 2011 Jun;22(6):1288-1294
Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 2011 Jun;22(6):1288-1294
Arachidonic acid pathway members PLA2G7, HPGD, EPHX2, and CYP4F8 identified as putative novel therapeutic targets in prostate cancer.
Vainio P, Gupta S, Ketola K, Mirtti T, Mpindi JP, Kohonen P, Fey V, Perälä M, Smit F, Verhaegh G, Schalken J, Alanen KA, Kallioniemi O, Iljin K
The American journal of pathology 2011 Feb;178(2):525-36
The American journal of pathology 2011 Feb;178(2):525-36
C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2 chondrocytes as well as human primary articular chondrocytes express sex hormone and insulin receptors--Useful cells in study of cartilage metabolism.
Claassen H, Schicht M, Brandt J, Reuse K, Schädlich R, Goldring MB, Guddat SS, Thate A, Paulsen F
Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 2011 Feb 20;193(1):23-9
Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 2011 Feb 20;193(1):23-9
Androgen receptor expression is significantly associated with better outcomes in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.
Park S, Koo JS, Kim MS, Park HS, Lee JS, Lee JS, Kim SI, Park BW, Lee KS
Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 2011 Aug;22(8):1755-62
Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 2011 Aug;22(8):1755-62
Prostate-regenerating capacity of cultured human adult prostate epithelial cells.
Yao M, Taylor RA, Richards MG, Sved P, Wong J, Eisinger D, Xie C, Salomon R, Risbridger GP, Dong Q
Cells, tissues, organs 2010;191(3):203-12
Cells, tissues, organs 2010;191(3):203-12
Metastatic breast cancer shows different immunohistochemical phenotype according to metastatic site.
Koo JS, Jung W, Jeong J
Tumori 2010 May-Jun;96(3):424-32
Tumori 2010 May-Jun;96(3):424-32
Metastatic breast cancer shows different immunohistochemical phenotype according to metastatic site.
Koo JS, Jung W, Jeong J
Tumori 2010 May-Jun;96(3):424-32
Tumori 2010 May-Jun;96(3):424-32
Increased androgen receptor expression in serous carcinoma of the ovary is associated with an improved survival.
Nodin B, Zendehrokh N, Brändstedt J, Nilsson E, Manjer J, Brennan DJ, Jirström K
Journal of ovarian research 2010 Jun 17;3:14
Journal of ovarian research 2010 Jun 17;3:14
ERK regulates calpain 2-induced androgen receptor proteolysis in CWR22 relapsed prostate tumor cell lines.
Chen H, Libertini SJ, Wang Y, Kung HJ, Ghosh P, Mudryj M
The Journal of biological chemistry 2010 Jan 22;285(4):2368-74
The Journal of biological chemistry 2010 Jan 22;285(4):2368-74
Genome-wide analysis of androgen receptor binding and gene regulation in two CWR22-derived prostate cancer cell lines.
Chen H, Libertini SJ, George M, Dandekar S, Tepper CG, Al-Bataina B, Kung HJ, Ghosh PM, Mudryj M
Endocrine-related cancer 2010 Dec;17(4):857-73
Endocrine-related cancer 2010 Dec;17(4):857-73
The PPARγ ligand ciglitazone regulates androgen receptor activation differently in androgen-dependent versus androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells.
Moss PE, Lyles BE, Stewart LV
Experimental cell research 2010 Dec 10;316(20):3478-88
Experimental cell research 2010 Dec 10;316(20):3478-88
Androgen-regulated expression of arginase 1, arginase 2 and interleukin-8 in human prostate cancer.
Gannon PO, Godin-Ethier J, Hassler M, Delvoye N, Aversa M, Poisson AO, Péant B, Alam Fahmy M, Saad F, Lapointe R, Mes-Masson AM
PloS one 2010 Aug 11;5(8):e12107
PloS one 2010 Aug 11;5(8):e12107
Food extracts consumed in Mediterranean countries and East Asia reduce protein concentrations of androgen receptor, phospho-protein kinase B, and phospho-cytosolic phospholipase A(2)alpha in human prostate cancer cells.
Singh J, Xie C, Yao M, Hua S, Vignarajan S, Jardine G, Hambly BD, Sved P, Dong Q
The Journal of nutrition 2010 Apr;140(4):786-91
The Journal of nutrition 2010 Apr;140(4):786-91
Proteomic interrogation of androgen action in prostate cancer cells reveals roles of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.
Vellaichamy A, Sreekumar A, Strahler JR, Rajendiran T, Yu J, Varambally S, Li Y, Omenn GS, Chinnaiyan AM, Nesvizhskii AI
PloS one 2009 Sep 18;4(9):e7075
PloS one 2009 Sep 18;4(9):e7075
Androgen receptor phosphorylation and activity are regulated by an association with protein phosphatase 1.
Chen S, Kesler CT, Paschal BM, Balk SP
The Journal of biological chemistry 2009 Sep 18;284(38):25576-84
The Journal of biological chemistry 2009 Sep 18;284(38):25576-84
Increased expression of androgen receptor sensitizes prostate cancer cells to low levels of androgens.
Waltering KK, Helenius MA, Sahu B, Manni V, Linja MJ, Jänne OA, Visakorpi T
Cancer research 2009 Oct 15;69(20):8141-9
Cancer research 2009 Oct 15;69(20):8141-9
High-throughput cell-based screening of 4910 known drugs and drug-like small molecules identifies disulfiram as an inhibitor of prostate cancer cell growth.
Iljin K, Ketola K, Vainio P, Halonen P, Kohonen P, Fey V, Grafström RC, Perälä M, Kallioniemi O
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2009 Oct 1;15(19):6070-8
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2009 Oct 1;15(19):6070-8
Over-expression of IkappaB-kinase-epsilon (IKKepsilon/IKKi) induces secretion of inflammatory cytokines in prostate cancer cell lines.
Péant B, Diallo JS, Dufour F, Le Page C, Delvoye N, Saad F, Mes-Masson AM
The Prostate 2009 May 15;69(7):706-18
The Prostate 2009 May 15;69(7):706-18
Co-assessment of cytoplasmic and nuclear androgen receptor location in prostate specimens: potential implications for prostate cancer development and prognosis.
Diallo JS, Aldejmah A, Mouhim AF, Fahmy MA, Koumakpayi IH, Sircar K, Bégin LR, Mes-Masson AM, Saad F
BJU international 2008 May;101(10):1302-9
BJU international 2008 May;101(10):1302-9
Wnt pathway, angiogenetic and hormonal markers in sporadic and familial adenomatous polyposis-associated juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA).
Ponti G, Losi L, Pellacani G, Rossi GB, Presutti L, Mattioli F, Villari D, Wannesson L, Alicandri Ciufelli M, Izzo P, De Rosa M, Marone P, Seidenari S
Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM 2008 Mar;16(2):173-8
Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM 2008 Mar;16(2):173-8
Overexpression of JKTBP1 induces androgen-independent LNCaP cell proliferation through activation of epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R).
Wu YY, Li H, Lv XY, Wei Q, Li X, Liu XY, Zhou Q, Wei YQ
Cell biochemistry and function 2008 Jun;26(4):467-77
Cell biochemistry and function 2008 Jun;26(4):467-77
Defining the molecular action of HDAC inhibitors and synergism with androgen deprivation in ERG-positive prostate cancer.
Björkman M, Iljin K, Halonen P, Sara H, Kaivanto E, Nees M, Kallioniemi OP
International journal of cancer 2008 Dec 15;123(12):2774-81
International journal of cancer 2008 Dec 15;123(12):2774-81
Androgen regulation of the androgen receptor coregulators.
Urbanucci A, Waltering KK, Suikki HE, Helenius MA, Visakorpi T
BMC cancer 2008 Aug 1;8:219
BMC cancer 2008 Aug 1;8:219
Androgen receptor blockade in experimental combination therapy of pancreatic cancer.
Konduri S, Schwarz MA, Cafasso D, Schwarz RE
The Journal of surgical research 2007 Oct;142(2):378-86
The Journal of surgical research 2007 Oct;142(2):378-86
SIRNA-directed in vivo silencing of androgen receptor inhibits the growth of castration-resistant prostate carcinomas.
Compagno D, Merle C, Morin A, Gilbert C, Mathieu JR, Bozec A, Mauduit C, Benahmed M, Cabon F
PloS one 2007 Oct 10;2(10):e1006
PloS one 2007 Oct 10;2(10):e1006
Evidence for calpain-mediated androgen receptor cleavage as a mechanism for androgen independence.
Libertini SJ, Tepper CG, Rodriguez V, Asmuth DM, Kung HJ, Mudryj M
Cancer research 2007 Oct 1;67(19):9001-5
Cancer research 2007 Oct 1;67(19):9001-5
Exemestane's 17-hydroxylated metabolite exerts biological effects as an androgen.
Ariazi EA, Leitão A, Oprea TI, Chen B, Louis T, Bertucci AM, Sharma CG, Gill SD, Kim HR, Shupp HA, Pyle JR, Madrack A, Donato AL, Cheng D, Paige JR, Jordan VC
Molecular cancer therapeutics 2007 Nov;6(11):2817-27
Molecular cancer therapeutics 2007 Nov;6(11):2817-27
Improved prediction of prostate cancer recurrence through systems pathology.
Cordon-Cardo C, Kotsianti A, Verbel DA, Teverovskiy M, Capodieci P, Hamann S, Jeffers Y, Clayton M, Elkhettabi F, Khan FM, Sapir M, Bayer-Zubek V, Vengrenyuk Y, Fogarsi S, Saidi O, Reuter VE, Scher HI, Kattan MW, Bianco FJ, Wheeler TM, Ayala GE, Scardino PT, Donovan MJ
The Journal of clinical investigation 2007 Jul;117(7):1876-83
The Journal of clinical investigation 2007 Jul;117(7):1876-83
Interleukin-8 is a molecular determinant of androgen independence and progression in prostate cancer.
Araki S, Omori Y, Lyn D, Singh RK, Meinbach DM, Sandman Y, Lokeshwar VB, Lokeshwar BL
Cancer research 2007 Jul 15;67(14):6854-62
Cancer research 2007 Jul 15;67(14):6854-62
Expression of the epidermal growth factor system in endometrioid endometrial cancer.
Ejskjaer K, Sørensen BS, Poulsen SS, Forman A, Nexø E, Mogensen O
Gynecologic oncology 2007 Jan;104(1):158-67
Gynecologic oncology 2007 Jan;104(1):158-67
Increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta in proliferative inflammatory atrophy of the prostate: relation with the expression of COX-2, the androgen receptor, and presence of focal chronic inflammation.
Wang W, Bergh A, Damber JE
The Prostate 2007 Aug 1;67(11):1238-46
The Prostate 2007 Aug 1;67(11):1238-46
GCP-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells via androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Tepper CG, Vinall RL, Wee CB, Xue L, Shi XB, Burich R, Mack PC, de Vere White RW
The Prostate 2007 Apr 1;67(5):521-35
The Prostate 2007 Apr 1;67(5):521-35
The role of sialomucin CD164 (MGC-24v or endolyn) in prostate cancer metastasis.
Havens AM, Jung Y, Sun YX, Wang J, Shah RB, Bühring HJ, Pienta KJ, Taichman RS
BMC cancer 2006 Jul 21;6:195
BMC cancer 2006 Jul 21;6:195
Polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the breast. Report of three cases.
Asioli S, Marucci G, Ficarra G, Stephens M, Foschini MP, Ellis IO, Eusebi V
Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 2006 Jan;448(1):29-34
Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 2006 Jan;448(1):29-34
Androgen receptor immunostaining and androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression are increased in cremaster muscles associated with undescended testis.
Tanyel FC, Yüzbaşioğlu A, Kocaefe C, Orhan D, Ozgüç M
Urology 2006 Apr;67(4):855-8
Urology 2006 Apr;67(4):855-8
Evaluation of neuroendocrine staining and androgen receptor expression in incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma: prognostic implications.
Theodoropoulos VE, Tsigka A, Mihalopoulou A, Tsoukala V, Lazaris AC, Patsouris E, Ghikonti I
Urology 2005 Oct;66(4):897-902
Urology 2005 Oct;66(4):897-902
Development of androgen- and estrogen-responsive bioassays, members of a panel of human cell line-based highly selective steroid-responsive bioassays.
Sonneveld E, Jansen HJ, Riteco JA, Brouwer A, van der Burg B
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 2005 Jan;83(1):136-48
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 2005 Jan;83(1):136-48
Expression of the epidermal growth factor system in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle.
Ejskjaer K, Sørensen BS, Poulsen SS, Mogensen O, Forman A, Nexø E
Molecular human reproduction 2005 Aug;11(8):543-51
Molecular human reproduction 2005 Aug;11(8):543-51
Detection and expression of human BK virus sequences in neoplastic prostate tissues.
Das D, Shah RB, Imperiale MJ
Oncogene 2004 Sep 16;23(42):7031-46
Oncogene 2004 Sep 16;23(42):7031-46
Computer based receptogram approach: an objective way of assessing immunohistochemistry of androgen receptor staining and its correlation with hormonal response in metastatic carcinoma of prostate.
Nabi G, Seth A, Dinda AK, Gupta NP
Journal of clinical pathology 2004 Feb;57(2):146-50
Journal of clinical pathology 2004 Feb;57(2):146-50
Computer based receptogram approach: an objective way of assessing immunohistochemistry of androgen receptor staining and its correlation with hormonal response in metastatic carcinoma of prostate.
Nabi G, Seth A, Dinda AK, Gupta NP
Journal of clinical pathology 2004 Feb;57(2):146-50
Journal of clinical pathology 2004 Feb;57(2):146-50
Androgen-independent prostate cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases: lessons from a rapid autopsy program.
Shah RB, Mehra R, Chinnaiyan AM, Shen R, Ghosh D, Zhou M, Macvicar GR, Varambally S, Harwood J, Bismar TA, Kim R, Rubin MA, Pienta KJ
Cancer research 2004 Dec 15;64(24):9209-16
Cancer research 2004 Dec 15;64(24):9209-16
Characterization of a novel androgen receptor mutation in a relapsed CWR22 prostate cancer xenograft and cell line.
Tepper CG, Boucher DL, Ryan PE, Ma AH, Xia L, Lee LF, Pretlow TG, Kung HJ
Cancer research 2002 Nov 15;62(22):6606-14
Cancer research 2002 Nov 15;62(22):6606-14
Functional analysis of 44 mutant androgen receptors from human prostate cancer.
Shi XB, Ma AH, Xia L, Kung HJ, de Vere White RW
Cancer research 2002 Mar 1;62(5):1496-502
Cancer research 2002 Mar 1;62(5):1496-502
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Supportive validation
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- Western blot analysis of Androgen Receptor was performed by loading 50 µg of LNCaP, MCF7, HeLa, and DU145 whole cell lysates, and 10 µL of PageRuler Prestained Protein Ladder (Product # 26616) onto a 4-20% Tris-HCl polyacrylamide gel. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with StartingBlock T20 (Product # 37543) for 1 hour. The membrane was probed with an Androgen Receptor monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-13426) at a dilution of 1:200 overnight at 4C on a rocking platform, washed in TBS-0.1%Tween-20, and probed with an HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Product # 31430) at a dilution of 1:20,000 for 1 hour. Chemiluminescent detection was performed using SuperSignal West Dura (Product # 34075). Images were acquired on a Thermo Scientific myECL Imager (Product # 62236).
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- Western blot analysis of Androgen Receptor was performed by loading 20 µg of LNCaP nuclear extract (NE), cytoplasmic fraction (Cytopl.) and 10 µL of PageRuler Prestained Protein Ladder (Product # 26616) onto a 4-20% Tris-HCl polyacrylamide gel. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with StartingBlock T20 (Product # 37543) for 1 hour. The membrane was probed with an Androgen Receptor monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-13426) at a dilution of 1:200 overnight at 4C on a rocking platform, washed in TBS-0.1%Tween-20, and probed with an HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Product # 31430) at a dilution of 1:20,000 for 1 hour. Chemiluminescent detection was performed using SuperSignal West Dura (Product # 34075). Images were acquired on a Thermo Scientific myECL Imager (Product # 62236). Note: Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were obtained using the Thermo Scientific NE-PER Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extraction Kit (Product # 78833).
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- Western blot of Androgen Receptor using Androgen Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (Product # MA5-13426) on LNCaP Cells.
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- Immunofluorescent analysis of Androgen Receptor (green) in LNCaP (right panel) and negative control U2OS cells (left panel). Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature. Cells were blocked with 1% Blocker BSA (Product # 37525) for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with an Androgen Receptor monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-13426) at a dilution of 1:50 for at least 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS, and incubated with a DyLight 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Product # 35502) at a dilution of 1:400 for 30 minutes at room temperature. F-Actin (red) was stained with DyLight-554 Phalloidin (Product # 21834) and nuclei (blue) were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye (Product # 62249). Images were taken on a Thermo Scientific ToxInsight Instrument at 20X magnification.
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- Immunoprecipitation of Androgen Receptor was performed on LNCaP cells. Antigen-antibody complexes were formed by incubating 250ug of LNCaP whole cell lysate with 2ug of an Androgen Receptor monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-13426) overnight on a rocking platform at 4C. The immune complexes were captured on 50ul Protein A/G Agarose (Product # 20421), washed extensively, and eluted with 5X Lane Marker Reducing Sample Buffer (Product # 39000). Eluted sample and 20ug of LNCaP whole cell lysate (loading control) were resolved on a 4-20% Tris-HCl polyacrylamide gel, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and blocked with StartingBlock T20 (Product # 37543) for 1 hour. The membrane was probed with an Androgen Receptor monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-13426) at a dilution of 1:200 overnight rotating at 4¡C, washed in TBST, and probed with an HRP- conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG at a dilution of 1:20,000 for 1 hour. Chemiluminescent detection was performed using SuperSignal West Dura (Product # 34075). Images were acquired on a Thermo Scientific myECL Imager (Product # 62236).
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- Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human prostate stained with Androgen Receptor antibody using peroxidase-conjugate and DAB chromogen. Note nuclear staining of glandular epithelial cells.
Supportive validation
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- Immunoprecipitation of Androgen Receptor was performed on LNCaP cells. Antigen-antibody complexes were formed by incubating 250 µg of LNCaP whole cell lysate with 2 µg of an Androgen Receptor monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-13426) overnight on a rocking platform at 4C. The immune complexes were captured on 50 µL Protein A/G Agarose (Product # 20421), washed extensively, and eluted with 5X Lane Marker Reducing Sample Buffer (Product # 39000). Eluted sample and 20 µg of LNCaP whole cell lysate (loading control) were resolved on a 4-20% Tris-HCl polyacrylamide gel, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and blocked with StartingBlock T20 (Product # 37543) for 1 hour. The membrane was probed with an Androgen Receptor monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-13426) at a dilution of 1:200 overnight rotating at 4øC, washed in TBST, and probed with an HRP- conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG at a dilution of 1:20,000 for 1 hour. Chemiluminescent detection was performed using SuperSignal West Dura (Product # 34075). Images were acquired on a Thermo Scientific myECL Imager (Product # 62236).
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- Immunoprecipitation of Androgen Receptor using Androgen Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (Product # MA5-13426) on denatured Human LNCaP Cells.
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- Fig. 3 AR interacts with and is a substrate for the SUMO E3 ligase Hsp27. a Ectopic induction of a hyperSUMO environment in MCF-7 cells with HA-SUMO3 increases the interaction between AR and Hsp27. b AR-Hsp27 interaction complex is enhanced endogenously in the naturally occurring hyperSUMO environment of TamR-7 cells. a - b Interactions with chromatin-bound (CB) AR were analyzed by western blot. c Immunoprecipitation of Hsp27 was performed to assess its binding with AR, Ubc9 and SUMO-2/3 in a cell-free system. d SUMOylation of AR is enhanced under in vitro conditions when recombinant Hsp27 is added. Details are found in (Additional file 1 )
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- Figure 1 PRPF6 promotes growth of prostate cancer cells. A. PRPF6 and AR expressions in prostate cancer-derived cell lines were analyzed by western blot. Protein extractions of different cell lines were subjected to western blot analysis using antibodies against PRPF6 (Proteintech) and AR (Proteintech). GAPDH was used as internal control. B. Effects of PRPF6 knockdown on the colony formation of CWR22Rv1 cells were shown. CWR22Rv1 cells (1000 per well) were infected with lentivirus shRNA targeting PRPF6 (shPRPF6) or control lentivirus (shCtrl), and then were treated with 10 -8 M DHT or ethanol for 14 days. C and D. PRPF6 knockdown repressed cell proliferation. CWR22Rv1 cells (C) and LNCaP (D) (2500 per well) with shPRPF6 or shCtrl were treated with 10 -8 M DHT or ethanol. After indicated time, MTS reagent was added, then absorbance at 490 nm was measured and plotted. Data were means +- SD of three independent experiments. Student's t -test was performed. E. Growth inhibition of prostate cancer cells by PRPF6 was associated with AR. CWR22Rv1 cells (2500 per well) with shPRPF6 or shCtrl were transfected with AR expression lentivirus or control lentivirus, and then were treated with 10 -8 M DHT (right) or ethanol (left). After indicated time, MTS reagent was added, then absorbance at 490 nm was measured and plotted. Data were means +- SD of three independent experiments. Student's t -test was performed. F. Representative photograph of mice with tumor xenografts (upper panel). Pho
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- Figure 2 PRPF6 interacts with AR in prostate cancer cells. A. Exogenous PRPF6 interacted with AR-FL in HEK293 cells. HEK293 cells were co-transfected with plasmids expressing AR-FL and PRPF6 or vector as indicated. After 4 hrs, cells were treated by DHT (10 -8 M) or ethanol vehicle for another 24 hrs. Then cells were harvested and equal amounts of cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation with anti-AR antibody (Invitrogen). The immunoprecipitated proteins were subjected to western blot analysis using anti-AR (Proteintech) and the indicated antibodies. GAPDH was used as internal control. B and C. Endogenous PRPF6 and AR interacted with each other in CWR22Rv1 cells. Upon treatment of 10 -8 M DHT or ethanol vehicle for 24 hrs, CWR22Rv1 cells were harvested and equal amounts of cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation with normal IgG, anti-AR antibody (Invitrogen) or anti-PRPF6 antibody (Santa Cruz). The immunoprecipitated proteins were subjected to western blot analysis using antibodies against PRPF6 (Proteintech) and AR (Proteintech). GAPDH or beta-Actin was used as internal control. D. Diagram of plasmids encoding FLAG-tagged PRPF6-FL and truncated mutants. E. Subcellular localizations of the AR and PRPF6-FL or truncated mutants. HEK293 cells were co-transfected with plasmids expressing AR-FL and PRPF6-FL or truncated mutants. After 10 -8 M DHT stimulation or ethanol vehicle for 4 hrs, cells were fixed and stained with antibody against FLAG and AR (Proteinte
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- Figure 4 Mechanisms involved in promotion of AR-mediated transactivation by PRPF6. A, B and C. PRPF6 knockdown impacted on the recruitments of PRPF6 and AR, as well as the epigenetic modification on AREI/II (A), AREIII (B) in PSA and ARE (C) in KLK2 . CWR22Rv1 cells infected with shPRPF6 or shCtrl were treated with 10 -8 M DHT or ethanol for 4 hrs, then cells were subjected to ChIP assays with using normal IgG, anti-AR (Invitrogen), anti-PRPF6 (Bethyl) or the indicated antibodies. D. PRPF6 interacts with JMJD1A in CWR22Rv1 cells. Upon treatment of 10 -8 M DHT or ethanol vehicle for 24 hrs, CWR22Rv1 cells were harvested and equal amounts of cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation with normal IgG, anti-PRPF6 antibody (Proteintech). The immunoprecipitated proteins were subjected to western blot analysis using antibodies against PRPF6 (Proteintech), MLL1 (Bethyl) and JMJD1A (Proteintech). beta-Actin was used as internal control. E and F. PRPF6 knockdown reduced the interaction between JMJD1A and AR. CWR22Rv1 cells infected with shPRPF6 or shCtrl were transfected with AR expression plasmid (in F) or not (in E). Then, upon treatment of 10 -8 M DHT or ethanol vehicle for 24 hrs, cells were harvested and equal amounts of cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation with normal IgG, anti-AR antibody (Invitrogen). The immunoprecipitated proteins were subjected to western blot analysis using antibodies against PRPF6 (Proteintech), JMJD1A (Proteintech) and AR (Proteintec
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- Figure 5 PRPF6 promotes the expressions of AR-FL and AR-V7. A and B. Knockdown of PRPF6 downregulated mRNA expressions of AR-FL in LNCaP cells (A), and downregulated mRNA expression of AR-FL and AR-V7 in CWR22Rv1 cells (B). Cells were transfected with two independent siRNAs against PRPF6 (siPRPF6) or control siRNA (siCtrl). After 48 hrs, cells were collected for RNA extraction and real-time PCR were performed. Student's t -test was performed. C. Knockdown of PRPF6 downregulated protein expressions of AR-FL and AR-Vs in CWR22Rv1 cells. CWR22Rv1 cells were transfected with siCtrl or siPRPF6. After 48 hrs, cells were collected for protein extraction and subjected to western blot analysis using antibodies against PRPF6 (Santa Cruz) and AR (Proteintech). beta-Actin was used as internal control. D. Ectopic expression of PRPF6 upregulated protein expressions of AR-FL and AR-Vs in CWR22Rv1 cells. CWR22Rv1 cells were transfected with different amounts of Myc-tagged PRPF6 expression plasmids or control vector. After 48 hrs, cells were collected for protein extraction and subjected to western blot analysis using anti-AR (Proteintech) and the indicated antibodies. GAPDH was used as internal control. E and F. Impacts of lentivirus-mediated PRPF6 knockdown on the expression of AR-FL in LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells with shPRPF6 or shCtrl were collected for RNA extraction and real-time PCR were performed (E), or protein extraction and subjected to western blot analysis using antibodies against P
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- Figure 6 PRPF6 promotes cell growth under androgen-depleted condition. A. Impacts of lentivirus-mediated PRPF6 knockdown on the protein expressions in LNCaP-AI cells. LNCaP-AI cells were infected with shPRPF6 or shCtrl, and then were collected for protein extraction and subjected to western blot analysis using antibodies using anti-PRPF6 (Proteintech), anti-AR (Proteintech) and GAPDH. B. PRPF6 knockdown repressed cell proliferation of LNCaP-AI cells. LNCaP-AI cells (2500 per well) with shPRPF6 or shCtrl were cultured in medium with 5% CSS. After indicated time, MTS reagent was added, then absorbance at 490 nm was measured and plotted. Data were means +- SD of three independent experiments. Student's t -test was performed. C. PRPF6 knockdown inhibited cell growth of LNCaP-AI cells under androgen-depleted condition. LNCaP-AI cells (5000 pre well) with shPRPF6 or shCtrl were infected with shPRPF6 or shCtrl, and then were cultured for 14 days. D. PRPF6 knockdown inhibited cell growth in xenograft mice under castration condition. Castration operation was performed on 5-week-old male NOD/SCID mice. After one week, CWR22Rv1 cells with shPRPF6 or shCtrl were injected subcutaneously into castrated male mice. Representative photograph of mice with tumor xenografts (upper panel). Photograph of all xenograft tumors derived from CWR22Rv1 cells with shPRPF6 or shCtrl (lower panel). E. Tumor volumes of xenografts in castrated male mice were shown. The volume of xenograft tumors derived from
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- Figure 3--figure supplement 3. AR and ERG expression in RWPE-1, and mutation of AR LBD. ( B ) RWPE-1 control cells and stably expressing AR wild type (AR WT) were either left untreated ( C ) or treated with 100ng/ml doxycycline ( D ) to induce ERG expression, in the absence ( D ) or presence (R/D) of 1nM R1881 for 24 hr. Western blot analysis shows expression levels of AR and ERG. ( B ) qRT-PCR of the luminal genes PSA (blue) and NKX3-1 (red) from RWPE-1 cells treated as in ( A ). Data represent normalized expression of PSA and NKX3-1 mRNA relative to the B2M transcript. Error bars represent + SEM of three replicates. ( C ) Western blot analysis of AR, ERG and GAPDH expression levels from RWPE-1 parental cells or cells stably expressing either AR wild type (WT), R711K, R727K, R753K, R761K, R775K, R780K, R787K, R789K, R787/789K, R832K, R841K, R847K, R855K, R856K, R855/856K or R872K AR mutant. ( D ) RWPE-1 cells stably expressing either AR R711K, R727K, R753K, R775K, R780K, R787K, R789K, R787/789K, R832K, R841K, R847K, R855K, R856K, R855/856K or R872K mutant were used for AR IP followed by western blot analysis for MMA, SDMA and total AR levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/
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- Figure 3. PRMT5 methylates AR on arginine 761. (A) ( A ) Left panel: western blots of noted proteins from VCaP whole cell extracts (WCE) after ERG or PRMT5 knockdown. Right panel: Western blot of AR immunoprecipitation (IP) from VCaP. SDMA: symmetric di-methyl arginine; MMA: mono-methyl arginine. ( B ) Left panel: Western blot analysis of noted proteins from homozygous TMPRSS2:ERG transgenic (Tg/Tg) and WT mouse tissues. Right panel: AR or IgG IP from mouse tissues followed by western blot analysis of MMA, SDMA and total AR levels. ( C ) Western blot of AR immunoprecipitation (IP) from VCaP and LNCaP cells grown in charcoal-stripped serum (CSS) and stimulated with 10nM R1881. SDMA: symmetric di-methyl arginine; MMA: mono-methyla arginine. ( D ) Left panel: western blot of noted proteins from 22Rv1 parental (PAR) or ERG-expressing (ERG) WCEs. FL: full-length; TR: truncated (lacking ligand binding domain, LBD). Right panel: Western blot of AR IP from 22Rv1. ( E ) Left panel: RWPE-1 parental (PAR) and AR and ERG-expressing (AR/ERG) cells targeted by PRMT5 knockdown (PRMT5 shRNA) or NTC shRNA were left either untreated ( C ) or treated with 100ng/ml doxycycline ( D ) in the absence or presence of 1nM R1881 (R) for 24 hr. Western blot analysis shows expression levels of PRMT5, ERG, AR and GAPDH from input samples (WCE). Right panel: Lysates were then used for AR immunoprecipitation (AR IP) followed by western blot analysis using antibodies against MMA, SDMA or total AR levels. ( F
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- Fig. 2 MiR-346, -361-3p and -197-3p alter wild-type and variant androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer (PC) cells partially through association with AR 3'UTR. a qRT-PCR analysis of AR mRNA levels in C42/MAR4 cells transfected with (i) miR-346, (ii) miR-361-3p or (iii) miR-197-3p mimic and/or inhibitor for 24 h. b Western blot analysis of AR protein levels in C42/MAR4 transfected with (i) miR-346, (ii) miR-361-3p or (iii) miR-197-3p mimic and/or inhibitor for 24 h. beta-actin was used as a control for loading. Representative blots of three independent experiments are shown. Additional biological replicates and densitometry for three independent experiments are shown (Fig. S 1c-g ). c qRT-PCR analysis of PSA mRNA levels in LNCaP/MAR4 cells transfected with (i) miR-346, (ii) miR-361-3p or (iii) miR-197-3p mimic and/or inhibitor for 24 h. L19 was used as a normalisation gene. d , e Luciferase assay analysis of 6.9 kb AR 3'UTR activity in HEK293T ( d ) or C42 ( e ) cells transfected with pMiR-Report vector containing WT ( d ) or miR binding site-mutant ( e ) regions of the AR 6.9 kb 3'UTR as depicted (Fig. S 2Di ) +- miR mimics or inhibitors (20 nM) for 48 h ( d ) or 72 h ( e ) Luciferase activity was normalised to beta-galactosidase activity to correct for transfection efficiency. Columns: mean normalised AR reporter luciferase activity from three independent experiments performed in duplicate +- SEM. f AGO2/biotin-miR RNA-IP analysis of miR-197 and miR-346 association wit
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- Fig. 7 AR-modulatory miR target siRNA silencing phenocopies miRs. a Western blot analysis of ARHGDIA, TAGLN2, YWHAZ and AR protein levels in LNCaP cells transfected with siRNAs (1 or 10 nM) targeting (i) YWHAZ, (ii) TAGLN2 or (iii) ARHGDIA for 72 h. A minimum of two different siRNAs were used for each gene. beta-actin was used as a control for loading. b qRT-PCR analysis of (i) AR or (ii) PSA mRNA levels in LNCaP cells transfected with ARHGDIA, TAGLN2 or YWHAZ siRNAs (10 nM) for 48 h. L19 was used as a normalisation gene. Columns: mean +- SEM for three independent experiments performed in triplicate. c SRB proliferation assay analysis of LNCaP cells transfected with siRNA targeting ARHGDIA, TAGLN2 or YWHAZ (10 nM) for 6 days. Data are presented relative to absorbance at day 0. Points: mean absorbance at 492 nm for three independent experiments performed in quadruplicate +- SEM. d , e MiR-197 ( d i), miR-346 ( d ii), miR-361-3p levels ( d iii), TAGLN2 ( e i), ARHGDIA ( e ii) and YWHAZ ( e iii) RNA levels in fresh-frozen tissue from five PCs and six normal prostates (GSE34932). f YWHAZ mRNA levels in PC tumours of Gleason Grades 6-10 (i) and miR-346 levels in PC tumours of lymph node-positive and -negative patients from the TCGA-PRAD data set of 333 primary prostate cancers (PCs). g Linear regression analysis of correlation between AR activity and ARHGDIA (i), TAGLN2 (ii) and YWHAZ (iii) levels in CRPC patient tumours ( n = 122, transcriptome data from SU2C-PCF). AR activity sc